Wikipedia

  • 2022-01-03Date de collecte
  • 2022-02-15Mise à jour
Wikipedia
  • Adresse du site Web:www.wikipedia.org
  • IP du serveur:208.80.153.224
  • Description du site:Wikipedia est une encyclopédie en ligne gratuite créée et éditée par des bénévoles du monde entier et parrainée par la Fondation Wikimedia.

nom de domaine:www.wikipedia.orgÉvaluation

sur 500~20000

nom de domaine:www.wikipedia.orgcouler

259

nom de domaine:www.wikipedia.orgBon ou Mauvais

Mauvaise affaire. Inévitablement pauvre féroce

site Internet:WikipediaPoids

1

site Internet:WikipediaIP

208.80.153.224

site Internet:Wikipediateneur

Wikipediadocument.documentElement.className=document.documentElement.className.replace(/(^|\s)no-js(\s|$)/,"$1js-enabled$2");.sprite{background-ime:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/sprite-de847d1a.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.svg-Commons-logo_sister{background-position:00;width:47px;height:47px}.svg-MediaWiki-logo_sister{background-position:0-47px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Meta-Wiki-logo_sister{background-position:0-89px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-Wikibooks-logo_sister{background-position:0-126px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-Wikidata-logo_sister{background-position:0-163px;width:49px;height:49px}.svg-Wikifunctions-logo_sister{background-position:0-212px;width:50px;height:50px}.svg-Wikimedia-logo_black{background-position:0-262px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikipedia_wordmark{background-position:0-304px;width:176px;height:32px}.svg-Wikiquote-logo_sister{background-position:0-336px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikisource-logo_sister{background-position:0-378px;width:39px;height:39px}.svg-Wikispecies-logo_sister{background-position:0-417px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikiversity-logo_sister{background-position:0-459px;width:43px;height:37px}.svg-Wikivoye-logo_sister{background-position:0-496px;width:36px;height:36px}.svg-Wiktionary-logo_sister{background-position:0-532px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-arrow-down{background-position:0-569px;width:12px;height:8px}.svg-arrow-down-blue{background-position:0-577px;width:14px;height:14px}.svg-badge_google_play_store{background-position:0-591px;width:124px;height:38px}.svg-badge_ios_app_store{background-position:0-629px;width:110px;height:38px}.svg-langue-icon{background-position:0-667px;width:22px;height:22px}.svg-noime{background-position:0-689px;width:58px;height:58px}.svg-search-icon{background-position:0-747px;width:22px;height:22px}.svg-wikipedia_app_tile{background-position:0-769px;width:42px;height:42px}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-size:62.5%}body{margin:0}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,n,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],template{display:none}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1pxdotted}b,strong{font-weight:700}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{font-size:32px;font-size:3.2rem;margin:1.2rem0}mark{background:#fef6e7;color:#000}small{font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-.5em}sub{bottom:-.25em}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1.6rem4rem}hr{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}pre{overflow:auto}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{color:inherit;font:inherit;margin:0}button{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,htmlinput[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}button[disabled],htmlinput[disabled]{cursor:default}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}input{line-height:normal}input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,input[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}input[type=search]:focus{outline-offset:-2px}fieldset{border:1pxsolid#a2a9b1;margin:0.2rem;padding:.6rem1rem1.2rem}legend{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto}optgroup{font-weight:700}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}td,th{padding:0}.hidden,[hidden]{display:none!important}.screen-reader-text{display:block;position:absolute!important;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;border:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden}body{background-color:#fff;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,SegoeUI,Roboto,Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1.5;margin:.4rem01.6rem}main{padding:01.28rem}a{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation}a,a:active,a:focus{unicode-bidi:embed;outline:0;color:#36c;text-decoration:none}a:focus{outline:1pxsolid#36c}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}img{vertical-align:middle}hr,img{border:0}hr{clear:both;height:0;border-bottom:1pxsolid#c8ccd1;margin:.26rem0}.pure-button{display:inline-block;zoom:1;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-dr:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#;position:relative;min-height:19.2px;min-height:1.92rem;min-width:16px;min-width:1.6rem;margin:.16rem0;border:1pxsolid#a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;padding:.8rem1.6rem;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:top;-webkit-transition:background.1sease,color.1sease,border-color.1sease,-webkit-box-shadow.1sease;transition:background.1sease,color.1sease,border-color.1sease,-webkit-box-shadow.1sease;-o-transition:background.1sease,color.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease;-moz-transition:background.1sease,color.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease,-moz-box-shadow.1sease;transition:background.1sease,color.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease;transition:background.1sease,color.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease,-webkit-box-shadow.1sease,-moz-box-shadow.1sease}.pure-button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}.pure-button-hover,.pure-button:hover{background-color:#fff;border-color:#a2a9b1;color:#}.pure-button-active,.pure-button:active{background-color:#eaecf0;border-color:#d;color:#000}.pure-button:focus{outline:1pxsolidtransparent;border-color:#36c;-webkit-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;-moz-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;box-shadow:inset0001px#36c}.pure-button-primary-progressive{background-color:#36c;border-color:#36c;color:#fff}.pure-button-primary-progressive:hover{background:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.pure-button-primary-progressive:active{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.pure-button-primary-progressive:focus{-webkit-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c,inset0002px#fff;-moz-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c,inset0002px#fff;box-shadow:inset0001px#36c,inset0002px#fff;border-color:#36c}.pure-forminput[type=search]{background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1pxsolid#a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;padding:.8rem;-webkit-box-shadow:inset0001px#fff;-moz-box-shadow:inset0001px#fff;box-shadow:inset0001px#fff;vertical-align:middle}.pure-forminput:focus:invalid{color:#d;border-color:#b}.pure-formfieldset{margin:0;padding:.56rem01.2rem;border:0}@mediaonlyscreenand(max-width:480px){.pure-forminput[type=search]{display:block}}.central-textlogo-wrapper{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom}.central-textlogo{position:relative;margin:4remauto.5rem;width:270px;font-family:LinuxLibertine,HoeflerText,Georgia,TimesNewRoman,Times,serif;font-size:30px;font-size:3rem;font-weight:400;line-height:33px;line-height:3.3rem;text-align:center;-moz-font-feature-settings:"ss05=1";-moz-font-feature-settings:"ss05";-webkit-font-feature-settings:"ss05";-ms-font-feature-settings:"ss05";font-feature-settings:"ss05"}.localized-slogan{display:block;font-family:LinuxLibertine,Georgia,Times,"SourceSerifPro",serif;font-size:15px;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400}.central-textlogo__ime{color:transparent;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-indent:-px}.central-featured-logo{position:absolute;top:158px;left:35px}@media(max-width:480px){.central-textlogo{position:relative;height:70px;width:auto;margin:2rem00;text-align:center;line-height:25px;line-height:2.5rem;text-indent:-10px;text-indent:-1rem;font-size:1em}.central-textlogo-wrapper{position:relative;top:12px;text-indent:2px;text-indent:.2rem}.svg-Wikipedia_wordmark{width:150px;height:25px;background-position:0-260px;-webkit-background-size:100%100%;-moz-background-size:100%;background-size:100%}.localized-slogan{font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem}.central-featured-logo{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:57px;height:auto;left:0;top:0}}@media(max-width:240px){.central-textlogo__ime{height:auto}}.central-featured{position:relative;height:325px;height:32.5rem;width:546px;width:54.6rem;max-width:100%;margin:0auto;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.central-featured-lang{position:absolute;width:156px;width:15.6rem}.central-featured-lang.link-box{display:block;padding:0;text-decoration:none;white-space:normal}.central-featured-lang.link-box:hoverstrong{text-decoration:underline}.central-featured-lang:hover{background-color:#eaecf0}.central-featured-langstrong{display:block;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem}.central-featured-langsmall{color:#d;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.6}.central-featured-langem{font-style:italic}.central-featured-lang.emNonItalicLang{font-style:normal}.lang1{top:0;right:60%}.lang2{top:0;left:60%}.lang3{top:20%;right:70%}.lang4{top:20%;left:70%}.lang5{top:40%;right:72%}.lang6{top:40%;left:72%}.lang7{top:60%;right:70%}.lang8{top:60%;left:70%}.lang9{top:80%;right:60%}.lang10{top:80%;left:60%}@media(max-width:480px){.central-featured{width:auto;height:auto;margin-top:8rem;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;text-align:left}.central-featured:after{content:"";display:block;visibility:hidden;clear:both;height:0;font-size:0}.central-featured-lang{display:block;float:left;position:relative;top:auto;left:auto;right:auto;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;height:64px;height:6.4rem;width:33%;margin:0016px;padding:01.6rem;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;text-align:center}.central-featured-langstrong{font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:4px}.central-featured-langsmall{line-height:1.4}}@media(max-width:375px){.central-featured-lang{font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}}@media(max-width:240px){.central-featured-lang{width:100%}}.search-container{float:none;max-width:95%;width:540px;margin:.4remauto1.95rem;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.search-containerfieldset{word-spacing:-4px}.search-containerbutton{min-height:44px;min-height:4.4rem;margin:0;-moz-border-radius:02px2px0;border-radius:02px2px0;padding:.8rem1.6rem;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;z-index:2}.search-containerbutton.svg-search-icon{text-indent:-9999px}.search-containerinput[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-button,.search-containerinput[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}.search-containerinput::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{display:none}.search-container.sprite.svg-arrow-down{position:absolute;top:8px;top:.8rem;right:6px;right:.6rem}#searchInput{-webkit-appearance:none;width:100%;height:44px;height:4.4rem;border-width:1px01px1px;-moz-border-radius:2px002px;border-radius:2px002px;padding:.8rem9.6rem.8rem1.2rem;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1.6;-webkit-transition:background.1sease,border-color.1sease,-webkit-box-shadow.1sease;transition:background.1sease,border-color.1sease,-webkit-box-shadow.1sease;-o-transition:background.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease;-moz-transition:background.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease,-moz-box-shadow.1sease;transition:background.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease;transition:background.1sease,border-color.1sease,box-shadow.1sease,-webkit-box-shadow.1sease,-moz-box-shadow.1sease}#searchInput:hover{border-color:#d}#searchInput:focus{border-color:#36c;-webkit-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;-moz-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;outline:1pxsolidtransparent}.search-container.search-input{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:73%;vertical-align:top}@mediaonlyscreenand(max-width:480px){.search-container.pure-formfieldset{margin-left:1remWikipedia;margin-right:6.6rem}.search-container.search-input{width:100%;margin-right:-6.6rem}.search-container.pure-formbutton{float:right;right:-56px;right:-5.6rem}}.suggestions-dropdown{background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:2;margin:0;padding:0;border:1pxsolid#a2a9b1;border-top:0;-webkit-box-shadow:02px2px0rgba(0,0,0,.2);-moz-box-shadow:02px2px0rgba(0,0,0,.2);box-shadow:02px2px0rgba(0,0,0,.2);list-style-type:none;word-spacing:normal}.suggestion-link,.suggestions-dropdown{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;text-align:left}.suggestion-link{display:block;position:relative;min-height:70px;min-height:7rem;padding:1rem1rem1rem8.5rem;border-bottom:1pxsolid#eaecf0;color:inherit;text-decoration:none;text-align:initial;white-space:normal}.suggestion-link.active{background-color:#eaf3ff}a.suggestion-link:hover{text-decoration:none}a.suggestion-link:active,a.suggestion-link:focus{outline:0;white-space:normal}.suggestion-thumbnail{background-color:#eaecf0;background-ime:url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.png);background-ime:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:ime/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvgxmlns='http/2000/svg'viewBox='005656'%3E%3Cpathfill='%23eee'd='M00h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpathfill='%'d='M36.413.5H17.8v24.9c01.4.92.32.32.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.217h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.80h6v1.8h-6V17zm04.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm015.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-ime:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.svg)!ie;background-ime:-webkit-gradient(linear,lefttop,leftbottom,from(transparent),to(transparent)),url("data:ime/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvgxmlns='http/2000/svg'viewBox='005656'%3E%3Cpathfill='%23eee'd='M00h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpathfill='%'d='M36.413.5H17.8v24.9c01.4.92.32.32.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.217h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.80h6v1.8h-6V17zm04.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm015.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-ime:-moz-oldlinear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:ime/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvgxmlns='http/2000/svg'viewBox='005656'%3E%3Cpathfill='%23eee'd='M00h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpathfill='%'d='M36.413.5H17.8v24.9c01.4.92.32.32.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.217h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.80h6v1.8h-6V17zm04.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm015.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-ime:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:ime/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvgxmlns='http/2000/svg'viewBox='005656'%3E%3Cpathfill='%23eee'd='M00h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpathfill='%'d='M36.413.5H17.8v24.9c01.4.92.32.32.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.217h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.80h6v1.8h-6V17zm04.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm015.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-ime:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:ime/svg+xml;charset=utWikipediaf-8,%3Csvgxmlns='http/2000/svg'viewBox='005656'%3E%3Cpathfill='%23eee'd='M00h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpathfill='%'d='M36.413.5H17.8v24.9c01.4.92.32.32.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.217h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.80h6v1.8h-6V17zm04.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm015.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-ime:-webkit-gradient(linear,lefttop,leftbottom,from(transparent),to(transparent)),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.svg)!ie;background-ime:-moz-oldlinear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.svg)!ie;background-ime:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.svg)!ie;background-ime:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.svg)!ie;background-ime:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noime.png);background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:100%auto;-moz-background-size:100%auto;background-size:100%auto;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;height:100%;width:70px;width:7rem;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.suggestion-title{margin:00.78rem;color:#d;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:18.72px;line-height:1.872rem}.suggestion-link.active.suggestion-title{color:#36c}.suggestion-highlight{font-style:normal;text-decoration:underline}.suggestion-description{color:#d;margin:0;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:14.299px;line-height:1.43rem}.styled-select{display:none;position:absolute;top:10px;top:1rem;bottom:12px;bottom:1.2rem;right:12px;right:1.2rem;max-width:95px;max-width:9.5rem;height:24px;height:2.4rem;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px}.styled-select:hover{background-color:#f8f9fa}.styled-select.hide-arrow{right:32px;right:3.2rem;max-width:68px;max-width:6.8rem;height:24px;height:2.4rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}.styled-selectselect{background:transparent;display:inline;overflow:hidden;height:24px;height:2.4rem;min-width:110px;min-width:11rem;max-width:110px;max-width:11rem;width:110px;width:11rem;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;line-height:24px;line-height:2.4rem;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:window;text-indent:.01px;-o-text-overflow:"";text-overflow:"";opacity:0;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;cursor:pointer}.styled-select.no-js{width:95px;width:9.5rem}.styled-select.no-jsselect{opacity:1;margin:0;padding:02.4rem0.8rem;color:#d}.styled-select.no-js.hide-arrow{width:68px;width:6.8rem}.search-container.styled-select.no-js.js-langpicker-label{display:none}.styled-select.js-enabled.hide-arrow{padding:02.4rem0.8rem}.styled-select.js-enabledselect{background:transparent;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;z-index:1;width:100%;border:0;margin:0;padding:02.4rem;color:transparent;color:hsla(0,0%,100%,0)}.styled-select.js-enabledselectoption{color:#d}.styled-select.js-enabledselect:hover{background-color:transparent}.styled-select-active-helper{display:none}.styled-select.js-enabledselect:focus+.styled-select-active-helper{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;width:100%;height:100%;outline:1pxsolid#36c}.search-container.js-langpicker-label{display:inline-block;margin:0;color:#d;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:24px;line-height:2.4rem;text-transform:uppercase}.styled-selectselect:hover{background-color:#f8f9fa}.styled-selectselect::-ms-expand{display:none}.styled-selectselect:focus{outline:1pxsolidtransparent;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}@-moz-documenturl-prefix(){.styled-selectselect{width:110%}}.other-projects{display:inline-block;width:65%}.other-project{float:left;position:relative;width:33%;height:90px;height:9rem}.other-project-link{display:inline-block;min-height:50px;width:90%;padding:1em;white-space:nowrap}.other-project-link:hover{background-color:#eaecf0}a.other-project-link{text-decoration:none}.other-project-icon{display:inline-block;width:50px;text-align:center}.svg-Wikinews-logo_sister{background-ime:url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/Wikinews-logo_sister.png);background-position:00;-webkit-background-size:47px26px;-moz-background-size:47px26px;background-size:47px26px;width:47px;height:26px}@media(-o-min-device-pixel-ratio:5/4),(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.25),(min-resolution:120dpi){.svg-Wikinews-logo_sister{background-ime:url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/Wikinews-logo_sister@2x.png)}}.other-project-text,.other-project.sprite-project-logos{display:inline-block}.other-project-text{max-width:65%;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;vertical-align:middle;white-space:normal}.other-project-tline,.other-project-title{display:block}.other-project-tline{color:#d;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}@mediascreenand(max-width:768px){.other-projects{width:100%}.other-project{width:33%}}@mediascreenand(max-width:480px){.other-project{width:50%}.other-project-tline{-webkit-hyphens:auto;-moz-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}}@mediascreenand(max-width:320px){.other-project-text{margin-right:5px;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}}.lang-list-container{background-color:#f8f9fa;overflow:hidden;position:relative;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;max-height:0;width:80%;margin:-1.6remauto4.8rem;-webkit-transition:max-height.5sease-out.16s,visibility.5sease-in1s;-o-transition:max-height.5sease-out.16s,visibility.5sease-in1s;-moz-transition:max-height.5sease-out.16s,visibility.5sease-in1s;transition:max-height.5sease-out.16s,visibility.5sease-in1s}.js-enabled.lang-list-container{visibility:hidden}.lang-list-active.lang-list-container,.no-js.lang-list-container{visibility:visible;max-height:px;-webkit-transition:max-height1sease-in.2s,visibility1000sease-in0ms;-o-transition:max-height1sease-in.2s,visibility1000sease-in0ms;-moz-transition:max-height1sease-in.2s,visibility1000sease-in0ms;transition:max-height1sease-in.2s,visibility1000sease-in0ms}.no-js.lang-list-button{display:none}.lang-list-button-wrapper{text-align:center}.lang-list-button{background-color:#f8f9fa;display:inline;position:relative;z-index:1;margin:0auto;padding:.6rem1.2rem;outline:16pxsolid#fff;outline:1.6remsolid#fff;border:1pxsolid#a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;color:#36c;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;-webkit-transition:outline-width.1sease-in.5s;-o-transition:outline-width.1sease-in.5s;-moz-transition:outline-width.1sease-in.5s;transition:outline-width.1sease-in.5s}.lang-list-button:hover{background-color:#fff;border-color:#a2a9b1}.lang-list-button:focus{border-color:#36c;-webkit-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;-moz-box-shadow:inset0001px#36c;box-shadow:inset0001px#36c}.lang-list-active.lang-list-button{background-color:#fff;outline:1pxsolid#fff;border-color:#d;-webkit-transition-delay:0s;-moz-transition-delay:0s;-o-transition-delay:0s;transition-delay:0s}.lang-list-button-text{padding:0.64rem;vertical-align:middle}.lang-list-buttoni{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.no-js.lang-list-border,.no-js.lang-list-button{display:none}.lang-list-border{background-color:#c8ccd1;display:block;position:relative;max-width:460px;width:80%;margin:-1.6remauto1.6rem;height:1px;-webkit-transition:max-width.2sease-out.4s;-o-transition:max-width.2sease-out.4s;-moz-transition:max-width.2sease-out.4s;transition:max-width.2sease-out.4s}.lang-list-active.lang-list-border{max-width:85%;-webkit-transition-delay:0s;-moz-transition-delay:0s;-o-transition-delay:0s;transition-delay:0s}.no-js.lang-list-content{padding:0}.lang-list-content{position:relative;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:1.6rem1.6rem0}.svg-arrow-down-blue{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform.2sease-out;transition:-webkit-transform.2sease-out;-o-transition:transform.2sease-out;-moz-transition:transform.2sease-out,-moz-transform.2sease-out;transition:transform.2sease-out;transition:transform.2sease-out,-webkit-transform.2sease-out,-moz-transform.2sease-out}.lang-list-active.svg-arrow-down-blue{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-moz-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.langlist{width:auto;margin:1.6rem0;text-align:left}.langlist-others{font-weight:700;text-align:center}.hlistul{margin:0;padding:0}.hlistli,.hlistulul{display:inline}.hlistli:before{content:"·";font-weight:700}.hlistli:first-child:before{content:none}.hlistli>ul:before{content:"\00a0("}.hlistli>ul:after{content:")"}.langlist>ul{-webkit-column-width:11.2rem;-moz-column-width:11.2rem;column-width:11.2rem}.langlist>ul>li{display:block;line-height:1.7;-webkit-column-break-inside:oid;pe-break-inside:oid;break-inside:oid}.no-js.langlist>ul{text-align:center;list-style-type:circle}.no-js.langlist>ul>li{display:inline-block;padding:0.8rem}.langlist>ul>li:before{content:none}.langlist>ul>lia{white-space:normal}@media(max-width:480px){.langlist{font-size:inherit}.langlista{word-wrap:break-word;white-space:normal}.lang-list-container{width:auto;margin-left:.8rem;margin-right:.8rem}.bookshelf{overflow:visible}}.bookshelf{display:block;border-top:1pxsolid#c8ccd1;-webkit-box-shadow:0-1px0#fff;-moz-box-shadow:0-1px0#fff;box-shadow:0-1px0#fff;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.bookshelf.text{background-color:#f8f9fa;position:relative;top:-11.2px;top:-1.12rem;font-weight:400;padding:0.8rem}.bookshelf-container{display:block;overflow:visible;width:100%;height:1px;margin:2.4rem01.6rem;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5}@media(max-width:480px){.bookshelf{width:auto;left:auto}.bookshelf-container{text-align:left;width:auto}}.app-badges.footer-sidebar-content{background-color:#f8f9fa}.app-badges.footer-sidebar-text{padding-top:.8rem;padding-bottom:.8rem}.app-badges.sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{top:8px;top:.8rem}.app-badgesul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.app-badge{display:inline-block}.app-badgea{color:transparent}@mediascreenand(max-width:768px){.app-badges.footer-sidebar-content{text-align:center}.app-badges.sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin:0;top:-3px;left:0;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-transform:scale(.7);-moz-transform:scale(.7);-ms-transform:scale(.7);transform:scale(.7)}}.footer{overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;margin:0auto;padding:4.16rem1.28rem0;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}.footer:after,.footer:before{content:"";display:table}.footer:after{clear:both}.footer-sidebar{width:35%;float:left;clear:left;margin-bottom:3.2rem;vertical-align:top}.footer-sidebar-content{position:relative;max-width:350px;margin:0auto}.sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{position:absolute;top:0;left:8px;left:.8rem}.footer-sidebar-text{position:relative;margin:0;padding-left:6rem;padding-right:2rem;color:#d}.site-license{color:#d;text-align:center}.site-licensesmall:after{content:"\2022";display:inline-block;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:inherit;margin-left:.8rem;margin-right:.5rem}.site-licensesmall:last-child:after{display:none}.footerhr{margin-top:1.28rem}@mediascreenand(max-width:768px){.footer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-top:1.28rem}.footer.footer-sidebar{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-moz-box-ordinal-group:1;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}.footer.other-projects{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-moz-box-ordinal-group:2;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.footer.app-badges{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-moz-box-ordinal-group:3;-webkit-order:3;Wikipedia-ms-flex-order:3;order:3}.footerhr{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:4;-moz-box-ordinal-group:4;-webkit-order:4;-ms-flex-order:4;order:4}.footer.site-license{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:5;-moz-box-ordinal-group:5;-webkit-order:5;-ms-flex-order:5;order:5}.footer-sidebar{width:100%}.sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{display:block;position:relative;left:0;margin:0auto1.28rem}.footer-sidebar-content{max-width:none}.footer-sidebar-text{margin:0;padding:0;text-align:center}}@mediascreenand(max-width:480px){.footer{padding:.96rem.64rem1.28rem}}@media(max-width:480px){.search-container{margin-top:0;height:78px;height:7.8rem;position:absolute;top:96px;top:9.6rem;left:0;right:0;max-width:100%;width:auto;padding:0;text-align:left}.search-containerlabel{display:none}.search-form#searchInput{max-width:40%;vertical-align:middle}.search-form.formBtn{max-width:25%;vertical-align:middle}formfieldset{margin:0;border-left:0;border-right:0}hr{margin-top:.65rem}}@media(-o-min-device-pixel-ratio:2/1),(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:2),(min--moz-device-pixel-ratio:2),(min-resolution:2dppx),(min-resolution:192dpi){hr{border-bottom-width:.5px}}@supports(-webkit-marquee-style:slide){hr{border-bottom-width:1px}}.js-enabled.central-featured,.js-enabled.jsl10n{opacity:0}.jsl10n-visible.central-featured,.jsl10n-visible.jsl10n{opacity:1}@mediaprint{body{background-color:transparent}a{color:#000!important;background:none!important;padding:0!important}a:link,a:visited{color:#520;background:transparent}img{border:0}}WikipediaTheFreeEncyclopediaEnglish6,792,000+articlesEspañol1.936.000+artículosРусский1 967 000+статей語1,406,000+記事Deutsch2.888.000+ArtikelFrançais2 596 000+articlesItaliano1.851.000+voci中文1,407,000+条目/條目فارسی۹۹۴٬۰۰۰+مقالهPortuguês1.120.000+artigosSearchWikipediaAfrikaansPolskiالعربيةAsturianuAzərbaycancaБългарскиবাংলাБеларускаяCatalàČeštinaCymraegDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEnglishEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGalego한국어हिन्दीHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaItalianoעבריתქართულიLadinLatinaLatviešuLietuviųMyarМакедонскиمصرىBahasaMelayuBahasoMinangkabauNederlands語Norsk(bokmål)Norsk(nynorsk)Oʻzbekcha/ЎзбекчаPortuguêsҚазақша/Qazaqşa/قازاقشاRomânăSimpleEnglishSinugboanongBinisayaSlovenčinaSlovenščinaСрпски/SrpskiSrpskohrvatski/СрпскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaதமிழ்Татарча/TatarçaภาษาไทยТоҷикӣتۆرکجهTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệtWinaray中文РусскийНохчийнՀայերենမြန်မာဘာသာ粵語閩南語/Bân-lâm-gúSearchReadWikipediainyourlangue1,000,000+articlesPolskiالعربيةDeutschEnglishEspañolFrançaisItalianoمصرىNederlands語PortuguêsSinugboanongBinisayaSvenskaУкраїнськаTiếngViệtWinaray中文Русский100,000+articlesAfrikaansAsturianuAzərbaycancaБългарскиবাংলাБеларускаяCatalàČeštinaCymraegDanskEestiΕλληνικάEsperantoEuskaraفارسیGalego한국어हिन्दीHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaעבריתქართულიLadinLatinaLatviešuLietuviųMyarМакедонскиBahasaMelayuBahasoMinangkabauNorskbokmålnynorskOʻzbekcha/ЎзбекчаҚазақша/Qazaqşa/قازاقشاRomânăSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaСрпски/SrpskiSrpskohrvatski/СрпскохрватскиSuomiதமிழ்Татарча/TatarçaภาษาไทยТоҷикӣتۆرکجهTürkçeاردوНохчийнՀայերենမြန်မာဘာသာ粵語閩南語/Bân-lâm-gú10,000+articlesBahsaAcèhAlemannischአማርኛAronésԱրեւմտահայերէնBahasaHulontaloBasaBaliBahasaBanjarBasaBanyumasanБашҡортсаБеларуская(тарашкевіца)BikolCentralবিষ্ণুপ্রিয়ামণিপুরীBoarischBosanskiBrezhonegЧӑвашлаDinéBizaadEmigliàn–RumnòlFijiHindiFøroysktFryskGaeilgeGàidhligગુજરાતીHak-kâ-ngî/客家語HausaHornjoserbsceIdoIgboIlokanoInterlinguaInterlingueИронÍslenskaJawaಕನ್ನಡភាសាខ្មែរKotaKreyòlAyisyenKurdî/كوردیکوردییناوەندیКыргызчаКырыкмарыLëtzebuergeschLìgureLimburgsLombardमैथिलीMalasyമലയാളംमराठीმარგალურიمازِرونیMìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄/閩東語МонголNapulitanoनेपालभाषानेपालीNordfriiskOccitanОлыкмарийଓଡି଼ଆঅসমীযা়ਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابی(شاہمکھی)پښتوPiemontèisPlattdüütschQırımtatarcaRunaSimiसंस्कृतम्ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤСахаТылаScotsChiShonaShqipSicilianuසිංහලسنڌيŚlůnskiBasaSundaKiswahiliTalogၽႃႇသႃႇတႆးతెలుగుchiTumbukaBasaUgiVènetoVolapükWalon文言吴语ייִדישYorùbáZazakiisiZulužemaitėškaꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ1,000+articlesDzhudezmo/לאדינוАдыгэбзэÆngliscAnarâškielâअंगिकाАԥсшәаarmãneashtiArpitanatikamekwܐܬܘܪܝܐañe’ẽАварAymarभोजपुरीBislamaབོད་ཡིགБуряадChacanodeZamboangaChichewaCorsuVahcuengh/話僮DaareDbanliالدارجةDvisámegiellaDeitschދިވެހިބަސްDolnoserbskiЭрзяньEstremeñuFulfuldeFurlanGaelgGauzГӀалгӀайGĩkũyũگیلکی赣语/贛語GungbeХальмгʻŌleloHawaiʻiIkinyarwandaKabɩyɛKapampanganKaszëbscziKernewekКомиПеремкомиKongoकोंकणी/KonknniكٲشُرKriyòlGwiyannenພາສາລາວЛаккуLatgaļuЛезгиLiNihaLingálaLinguaFrancaNovalivvinkarjalalojbanLugandaMadhurâMaltiMāoriTwiMirandésМокшеньဘာသာမန်ߒߞߏNaVosaVaka-VitiNāhuatlahtōlliNaijáNedersaksischNouormand/NormaundNovialAfaanOromooပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏपालिPangasinánPangcahPapiamentuPatoisPfälzischPicardКъарачай–малкъарQaraqalpaqshaRipoarischRumantschРусиньскыйSakizayaGanaSāmoaسرائیکیSarduSeediqSeelterskSesothosaLeboaSetswanaСловѣ́ньскъ/ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟSoomaaligaSranantongoTaclḥitⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜTaqbaylitTarandíneTayalTetunTokPisintolışifakaTongaᏣᎳᎩTürkmençeТывадылУдмуртئۇيغۇرچهVepsänvõroWest-VlamsWolofisiXhosaZeêuwsалтайтилReotahitiअवधीडोटेलीತುಳು100+articlesBamanankanBatakTobaChamoruEʋegbeFarefareFɔ̀ngbèGhanaianPidgin𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/InuktitutIñupiakKalaallisutMfantseNorfuk/PitkernpinayuananΠοντιακάརྫོང་ཁromaničhibIkirundiSängöSesothoSiSwatiትግርኛThuɔŋjäŋTsėhesenėstsestotseXitsongaTyapTshivenḓaWayuunaikiадыгабзэOtherlanguesWikipediaishostedbytheWikimediaFoundation,anon-profitorganizationthatalsohostsarangeofotherprojects.Youcansupportourworkwithadonation.DownloadWikipediaforAndroidoriOSSeyourforitearticlestoreadoffline,syncyourreadinglistsacrossdevicesandcustomizeyourreadingexperiencewiththeofficialWikipediaapp.GooglePlayStoreAppleAppStoreCommonsFreelyusablephotos&moreWikivoyeFreetrelguideWiktionaryFreedictionaryWikibooksFreetextbooksWikinewsFreenewssourceWikidataFreeknowledgebaseWikiversityFreecoursematerialsWikiquoteFreequotecompendiumMediaWikiFree&openwikiapplicationWikisourceFreelibraryWikispeciesFreespeciesdirectoryWikifunctionsFreefunctionlibraryMeta-WikiCommunitycoordination&documentationThispeisailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlikeLicenseTermsofUsePrivacyPolicyvarrtlLangs=['ar','arc','ary','arz','bcc','bgn','bqi','ckb','dv','fa','glk','he','kk-cn','kk-arab','khw','ks','ku-arab','lki','luz','mzn','nqo','pnb','ps','sd','sdh','skr','ug','ur','yi'],translationsHash='5cad734a',/***Thisvariableisusedtoconvertthegeneric"portal"keywordinthedata-jsl10nattributes*e.g.'data-jsl10n="portal.footer-description"'intoaportal-specifickey,e.g."wiki"*fortheWikipediaportal.*/translationsPortalKey='wiki';/***Thewm-typeahead.jsfeatureisusedforsearch,anditusesdomainnameforsearching.Wewantdomain*nametobeportalSpecific(differentforeveryportal).Sobydeclaringvariable'portalSearchDomain'*inindex.handlebarswewillmakethisportalSpecific.**/portalSearchDomain='wikipedia.org'/*Thisobjectisusedbyl10nscripts(pe-localized.js,topten-localized.js)torevealthepecontentafterl10njsonisloaded.AtimerisalsosettopreventJSfromhidingpecontentindefinitelty.ThisscriptisinlinedtosafeguardaintscriptloadingerrorsandplacedatthetopofthepetosafeguardainstanyHTMLloading/parsingerrors.*/wmL10nVisible={ready:false,makeVisible:function(){if(!wmL10nVisible.ready){wmL10nVisible.ready=true;document.body.className+='jsl10n-visible';}}};window.setTimeout(wmL10nVisible.makeVisible,1000).styled-select{display:block;}

Placer:WikipediaSignaler

En cas de violation du site, veuillez cliquer sur SignalerSignaler