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instant. Nuages et flammessteredReportReplyRetractionShortNoteStudyProtocolSystematicReviewTechnicalNoteTutorialViewpoint  AdvancedSearch SectionSpecialIssueVolumeIssueNumberPe LogicalOperatorOperatorANDORSearchTextSearchTypeAllfieldsTitleAbstractKeywordsAuthorsAffiliationsDoiFullTextReferences add_circle_outlineremove_circle_outline  SensorsHardSyDR:ABenchmarkingEnvironmentforGNSSAlgorithmsMicromachinesAReviewonMachiningSiCp/AlCompositeMaterialsCancersTheRoleofMacrophesinSarcomaTumorMicroenvironmentandTreatmentMathematicsHom-LieSuperalgebrasinCharacteristic2RecentArticles 17pes,5425KiB OpenAccessArticleData-DrivenPredictionofSevereConvectionatDeutscherWetterdienst(DWD):ABriefOverviewofRecentDevelopmentsbyRichardMüllerandAxelBarlebenAtmosphere2024,15(4),499;doi.org/10.3390/atmos(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractThunderstormsendangerlifeandinfrastructure.Theaccurateandprecisepredictionofthunderstormsisthereforehelpfultoenableprotectionmeasuresandtoreducetherisks.Thismanuscriptpresentsthelatestdevelopmentstoimprovethunderstormforecastinginthefirstfewhours.Thisincludesthedescription[...]Readmore.Thunderstormsendangerlifeandinfrastructure.Theaccurateandprecisepredictionofthunderstormsisthereforehelpfultoenableprotectionmeasuresandtoreducetherisks.Thismanuscriptpresentsthelatestdevelopmentstoimprovethunderstormforecastinginthefirstfewhours.ThisincludesthedescriptionanddiscussionofanewJulia-basedmethod(JuliaTSnow)forthetemporalextrapolationofthunderstormsandtheblendingofthismethodwiththenumericalweatherpredictionmodel(NWP)ICON.ThecombinationofICONandJuliaTSnowattemptstoovercomethelimitationsassociatedwiththepureextrapolationofobservationswithatmosphericmotionvectors(AMVs)andthusincreasethepredictionhorizon.Fortheblending,theoperationalICON-D2isused,butalsotheexperimentalICON-RUC,whichisimplementedwithafasterdataassimilationupdatecycle.Theblendedproductsareevaluatedainstlightningdata.Thecriticalsuccessindex(CSI)fortheblendedRUCproductishigherforallforecasttimesteps.ThisismainlyduetothehigherresolutionoftheAMVs(predictionhours0–2)andtherapidupdatecycleofICON-RUC(predictionhours2–6).Theresultsdemonstratethepotentialoftherapidupdatecycletoimprovetheshort-termforecastsofthunderstorms.Moreover,thetransitionbetweenAMV-drivennowcastingtoNWPismuchsmootherintheblendedRUCproduct,whichpointstotheadvantesoffastdataassimilationforseamlesspredictions.TheCSIiswellabovethecriticalvalueof0.5forthe0–2hforecasts.Valuesbelow0.5meanthatthenumberofhits(correctinformations)islowerthanthenumberoffailures,whichresultsfromthemissedcellsplusfalsealarms.Theproductisthennolongerusefulinforecastingthunderstormswithaspatialaccuracyof0.3degrees.Unfortunately,withRUC,theCSIalsodropsbelow0.5whenthelastforecastismorethan3hawayfromthelastdataassimilation,indicatingthelackofmodelphysicstoaccuratelypredictthunderstorms.Thislackissimplyaresultofchaostheory.Withinthiscontext,theroleofNWPincomparisonwithartificialintelligence(AI)isdiscussed,anditisconcludedthatAIcouldreplacephysicalshort-termforecastsinthenearfuture.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueAdvancesinThunderstormNowcastingbyRemoteSensing)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure823pes,KiB OpenAccessArticleResearchontheLawofLayeredFracturingintheCompositeRoofStrataofCoalSeamsviaHydraulicFracturingbyBoWang,EnkeHou,LiangMa,ZaibinLiu,TaoFan,ZewenGong,YaoquanGao,WengangDu,QiangLiuandBingzhenMaEnergies2024,17(8),1941;doi.org/10.3390/en(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractHorizontalwellswithintheroofareaneffectivemethodtodevelopgasinbrokenandsoftcoalseams,andlayer-penetratingfracturingisakeyengineeringmethodforthestimulatingofhorizontalwellswithintheroofofacoalseam.Tounderstandthepropation[...]Readmore.Horizontalwellswithintheroofareaneffectivemethodtodevelopgasinbrokenandsoftcoalseams,andlayer-penetratingfracturingisakeyengineeringmethodforthestimulatingofhorizontalwellswithintheroofofacoalseam.Tounderstandthepropationlawoffractureinthecompositeroofofcoalseams,thisstudyconductedresearchusingnumericalsimulationandphysicalsimilaritysimulationmethods.Furthermore,engineeringexperimentswerecarriedoutatthePanxiecoalmineintheHuainanMiningAreaandtheLulingcoalmineinHuaibeiMiningArea,tofurthervalidatethistechnology.Thenumericalsimulationresultsindicatedthatfracturewithinthecoalseamroofcanpropatefromtherooftothetargetcoalseam,effectivelyfracturingthecoalseam.Duetothecoalseam’splasticitybeinggreaterthanthatoftheroofmudstone,thecoalseamformsabroaderfracturethantheroof.Withtheincreaseinpseudoroofmudstonethicknessandbeingunderconstantfracturingdisplacement,theenergyconsumedbythepseudoroofmudstoneduringfracturingcausesadecreaseinporepressurewhenfractureextendstothecoalseam,resultinginareductioninfracturewidth.Therefore,thepseudoroofmudstoneisanadversefactorfortheexpansionofhydraulicfracturing.Physicalsimilaritysimulationresultsdemonstratedthatwhenhorizontalboreholeswerearrangedwithinthesiltstoneofthecoalseamroof,wereunderreasonableverticaldistanceandhighflowratefracturingviafluidinjectionconditions,andifthecoalseamhadathinpseudoroofmudstone,thefracturecouldpropatethroughthedirectroof-pseudoroofinterfaceandthepseudoroof-coalseaminterface,extendingtothelowercoalseam.Thefractureformwascurvedandhadirregularverticalfractures,indicatingthathydraulicfracturingcanachieveproductionenhancementandthetransformationofsoftandhardcoalseams.However,whenthecoalseamhadathickpseudoroofmudstone,themudstoneposedstrongresistancetohydraulicfracturing,makingitdifficultforthefracturetopropatetothelowercoalseam.Therefore,thepseudoroofmudstoneplaysadetrimenUn instant. Nuages et flammestalroleinhydraulicfracturingandtheproductionenhancementofcoalseams.TheengineeringverificationconductedatPanxiecoalmineandLulingcoalmineshowedthatbyutilizingaconstructiondrainerateof7.5cubicmetersperminuteatPanxiecoalmine,themaximumfracturelengthreached218.3m,withamaximumfractureheightof36.8m.Themaximumdailygasproductionofasinglewellreached1450cubicmetersperday,withatotalgasextractionvolumeof43.62×104cubicmetersacross671days.AtLulingcoalmine,utilizingaconstructiondrainerateof10cubicmetersperminute,themaximumfracturelengthreached169.1m,withamaximumfractureheightof20.5m.Themaximumdailygasproductionofasinglewellreached10,775cubicmetersperday,withatotalgasextractionvolumeof590×104cubicmetersfor1090days.Thisindicatedthatthefracturewithintheroofofcoalseamscanpenetratethecompositeroofofcoalseamsandextendtotheinteriorofthecoalseams,achievingthepurposeoftransformingfracturedandlow-permeabilitycoalseamsandprovidinganeffectivemodeofgasextraction.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueResearchonCoalbedMethaneandCoal-MeasureGas:Exploration,Exploitation,andUtilization)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure13---Figure14---Figure15---Figure16---Figure17---Figure18---Figure19---Figure2018pes,6030KiB OpenAccessArticleReal-TimeDefectDetectioninElectronicComponentsduringAssemblythroughDeepLearningbyEyalWeiss,ShirCaplan,KobiHornandMosheSharabiElectronics2024,13(8),1551;doi.org/10.3390/electronics(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractThispaperintroducesapioneeringmethodforreal-timeimeprocessinginelectroniccomponentassembly,revolutionizingqualitycontrolinmanufacturing.Bypromptlycapturingimesfrompick-and-placemachinesduringtheintervalbetweencomponentpick-upandmounting,defectsareidentifiedandpromptlyaddressedinline.This[...]Readmore.Thispaperintroducesapioneeringmethodforreal-timeimeprocessinginelectroniccomponentassembly,revolutionizingqualitycontrolinmanufacturing.Bypromptlycapturingimesfrompick-and-placemachinesduringtheintervalbetweencomponentpick-upandmounting,defectsareidentifiedandpromptlyaddressedinline.Thisproactiveapproachensuresthatdefectivecomponentsarerejectedbeforemounting,effectivelypreventingissuesfromeveroccurring,thussignificantlyenhancingefficiencyandreliability.LeveringrapidnetworkprotocolssuchasgRPCandorchestrationviaKubernetes,inconjunctionwithC++programmingandTensorFlow,thisapproachachievesanimpressiveereturnaroundtimeoflessthan5milli-seconds.Rigorouslytestedon20operationalproductionmachines,itnotonlyensuresadherencetoIPC-A-610andIPC-STD-J-001standardsbutalsooptimizesproductionefficiencyandreliability.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueFaultDetectionTechnologyBasedonDeepLearning)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure13---Figure14---Figure15---Figure16---Figure1723pes,KiB OpenAccessArticleSpatial-TemporalEvolutionCharacteristicsandDrivingForceAnalysisofNDVIinHubeiProvince,China,from2000to2022byPengChen,HongzhongPan,YaohuiXu,WenxiangHeandHuamingYaoForests2024,15(4),719;doi.org/10.3390/f(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractExploringthecharacteristicsofvegetationdynamicsandquantitativelyanalyzingthepotentialdriversandthestrengthoftheirinteractionsareofgreatsignificancetoregionalecologicalenvironmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopment.Therefore,basedonthe2000–2022MODISNDVIdataset,supplementedbyclimatic,topographic,surface[...]Readmore.Exploringthecharacteristicsofvegetationdynamicsandquantitativelyanalyzingthepotentialdriversandthestrengthoftheirinteractionsareofgreatsignificancetoregionalecologicalenvironmentalprotectionandsustainabledevelopment.Therefore,basedonthe2000–2022MODISNDVIdataset,supplementedbyclimatic,topographic,surfacecover,andanthropogenicdataforthesameperiod,theSen+Mann–Kendalltrendanalysis,coefficientofvariation,andHurstexponentwereemployedtoexaminethespatialandtemporalcharacteristicsandtrendsofNDVIinHubeiProvince,andapartialcorrelatioUn instant. Nuages et flammesnanalysisandgeographicaldetectorwereusedtoexplorethestrengthoftheinfluenceofdrivingfactorsonthespatialdifferentiationofNDVIinvegetationandtheunderlyingmechanismsofinteraction.Theresultsshowedthat(1)themeanNDVIvalueofvegetationinHubeiProvincewas0.762over23years,withanoverallincreasingtrendandfluctuatingupwardatarateof0.01/10a(p<0.005);geospatially,thereisapatternof“loweastandhighwest”;thespatialchangeinNDVIshowsatrendof“large-scaleimprovementinthesurroundinghillsandmountainsandsmall-scaledegradationinthemiddleplains”;italsopresentsthespatialfluctuationcharacteristicsof“uniformdistributioningeneral,anobviousdifferencebetweenurbanandruralareas,andahighfluctuationofriversandreservoirs”,(2)thefuturetrendofNDVIin70.76%oftheregioninHubeiProvinceislikelytomaintainthesametrendasthatofthe2000–2022period,with70.78%ofthefuturedevelopmentbeingbenignanddominatedbysustainedimprovement,and(3)acombinationofpartialcorrelationanalysisandgeographicaldetectoranalysisofthedriversofvegetationNDVIchangeshowsthatlandcovertypeandsoiltypearethemaindrivers;theinteractionsaffectingthedistributionandchangecharacteristicsofNDVIvegetationallshowedtwo-factorenhancementornonlinearenhancementrelationships.ThisstudycontributestoabetterunderstandingofthechangemechanismsinvegetationNDVIinHubeiProvince,providingsupportfordifferentiatedecologicalprotectionandprojectimplementation.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheTopicAdvancesinMulti-ScaleGeographicEnvironmentalMonitoring:Theory,MethodologyandApplications)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure12Cont.---Figure1313pes,238KiB OpenAccessArticlePredictorsofCorporalPunishmentduringtheCOVID-19PandemicbyRobertD.Sege,ElizaLorenPurdue,DinaBurstein,PhyllisHolditchNiolon,LoriLynPrice,YeChen,ElizabethA.Swedo,TammyPiazzaHurley,KitaPrasadandBartKlikaPediatr.Rep.2024,16(2),300-312;doi.org/10.3390/pediatric(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractAlthoughcurrentpoliciesdiscouretheuseofcorporalpunishment(CP),itsuseisstillwidespreadintheUS.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesstheproportionofparentswhousedCPduringthepandemicandidentifyrelatedriskandprotectivefactors.[...]Readmore.Althoughcurrentpoliciesdiscouretheuseofcorporalpunishment(CP),itsuseisstillwidespreadintheUS.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesstheproportionofparentswhousedCPduringthepandemicandidentifyrelatedriskandprotectivefactors.Weanalyzedresultsofanationwidecross-sectionalinternetpanelsurveyof9000UScaregiverswhorespondedinthreewesfromNovember2020toJuly2021.Oneinsixrespondentsreportedhingspankedtheirchildinthepastweek.Spankingwasassociatedwithintimatepartnerviolenceandtheuseofmultipledisciplinestrategiesandnotsignificantlyassociatedwithregionorracialself-identification.Parentswhospankedsoughtoutmorekindsofsupport,suggestinganopportunitytoreducespankingthroughmoreeffectiveparentingresources.Additionally,theseresultssuggestthatparentswhoreportusingCPmaybeatriskforconcurrentdomesticviolence.FullarticleattachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,134KiB)10pes,735KiB OpenAccessReviewEnvironmentalRiskAssessmentinCommunityCare:AScopingReviewbyMaryamRouhi,TanyaLinden,DouglassDohertyandSarahJ.PriorHealthcare2024,12(8),859;doi.org/10.3390/healthcare(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractCommunitycareencompassesinherentrisksforbothclientsandhealthcareproviders.Maintainingasafeenvironmentforthedeliveryofcareservicesensuresthatanyriskofunintentionalorintentionalpersonalharmisminimised.Theaimofthisscopingreviewisto(a)provide[...]Readmore.Communitycareencompassesinherentrisksforbothclientsandhealthcareproviders.Maintainingasafeenvironmentforthedeliveryofcareservicesensuresthatanyriskofunintentionalorintentionalpersonalharmisminimised.Theaimofthisscopingreviewisto(a)provideanoverviewofexistingknowledgebysummarisingthecurrentliteratureand(b)identifygapspertainingtounderstandingandmaningenvironmentalriskincommunitycaresettings.GuidedbythePopulation/Concept/ContextapproachandPRISMAguidelines,thispaperusedtwoquestionstoanswerhowascore-basedtoolforassessingclientsuitabilityincommunitycareisdevelopedandhowanenvironmentalscreeningtoolassistswithreducingrisktocommunitycareworkers.LiteraturesearchesofCINAHL,PubMed(Medline),WebofScienceandPsychINFOdatabaseswereconductedbetweenSeptember2023andNovember2023.Weincludedfulltextarticlespublishedfrom2018to2023.Thefollowingfourbroadareaswereidentifiedaskeycomponentsinthestructureofanenvironmentalscreeningtool:environmentalfactors,healthfactors,socioeconomicfactorsandculturalfactors.Theresultsofthisreviewprovidevaluableinformationwhichcanbeutilisedbycareorganisationstodevelopand/orrefinetoolstoensurethesafetyandwellbeingofworkerswithinthecommunitycaresector.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionCommunityCare)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,412KiB)17pes,7028KiB OpenAccessArticleUtilizing5′UTREngineeringEnablesFine-TuningofMultipleGeneswithinOperonstoBalanceMetabolicFluxinBacillussubtilisbyJiajiaYou,YifanWang,KangWang,YuxuanDu,XiaolingZhang,XianZhang,TaoweiYang,XueweiPanandZhimingRaoBiology2024,13(4),277;doi.org/10.3390/biology(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractTheapplicationofsyntheticbiologytoolstomodulategeneexpressiontoincreaseyieldhasbeenthoroughlydemonstratedasaneffectiveandconvenientapproachinindustrialproduction.Inthisstudy,weemployedahigh-throughputscreeningstrategytoidentifya5′UTRsequencefromthe[...]Readmore.Theapplicationofsyntheticbiologytoolstomodulategeneexpressiontoincreaseyieldhasbeenthoroughlydemonstratedasaneffectiveandconvenientapproachinindustrialproduction.Inthisstudy,weemployedahigh-throughputscreeningstrategytoidentifya5′UTRsequencefromthegenomeofB.subtilis168.Thissequenceresultedina5.8-foldincreaseintheexpressionlevelofEGFP.Byutilizingthe5′UTRsequencetooverexpressindividualgeneswithintheriboperon,itwasdeterminedthatthegenesribDandribABserveasrate-limitingenzymesintheriboflinsynthesispathway.Constructinga5′UTRlibrarytoregulateEGFPexpressionresultedinavariationrangeingeneexpressionlevelsexceeding100-fold.Employingthesame5′UTRlibrarytoregulatetheexpressionofEGFPandmCherrywithintheoperonledtoachangeintheexpressionratioofthesetwogenesbyover10,000-fold.So,employinga5′UTRlibrarytomodulatetheexpressionoftheriboperongeneandconstructasyntheticriboperonresultedina2.09-foldincreaseinriboflinproduction.Theseresultsindicatethatthe5′UTRsequenceidentifiedandcharacterizedinthisstudycanserveasaversatilesyntheticbiologytoolkitforachievingcomplexmetabolicnetworkreconstruction.Thistoolkitcanfacilitatethefine-tuningofgeneexpressiontoproducetargetproducts.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionBiotechnology)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure619pes,2125KiB OpenAccessReviewFromHematopoieticStemCellstoPlatelets:UnifyingDifferentiationPathwaysIdentifiedbyLineeTracingMouseModelsbyBryceA.Manso,AlessandraRodriguezyBaenaandE.CamillaForsbergCells2024,13(8),704;doi.org/10.3390/cells(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractPlateletsaretheterminalprogenyofmegakaryocytes,primarilyproducedinthebonemarrow,andplaycriticalrolesinbloodhomeostasis,clotting,andwoundhealing.Traditionally,megakaryocytesandplateletsarethoughttoarisefrommultipotenthematopoieticstemcells(HSCs)viamultiplediscreteprogenitorpopulations[...]Readmore.Plateletsaretheterminalprogenyofmegakaryocytes,primarilyproducedinthebonemarrow,andplaycriticalrolesinbloodhomeostasis,clotting,andwoundhealing.Traditionally,megakaryocytesandplateletsarethoughttoarisefrommultipotenthematopoieticstemcells(HSCs)viamultiplediscreteprogenitorpopulationswithsuccessive,linee-restrictingdifferentiationsteps.However,thisviewhasrecentlybeenchallengedbystudiessuggestingthat(1)someHSCclonesarebiasedand/orrestrictedtotheplateletlinee,(2)notallplateletgenerationfollowsthe“canonical”megakaryocyticdifferentiationpathofhematopoiesis,and(3)plateletoutputisthedefaultprogramofsteady-statehematopoiesis.Here,wespecificallyinvestigatetheevidencethatinvivolineetracingstudiesprovidefortheroute(s)ofplateletgenerationandinvestigatetheinvolvementofvariousintermediateprogenitorcellpopulations.Wefurtheridentifythechallengesthatneedtobeovercomethatarerequiredtodeterminethepresence,role,andkineticsofthesepossiblealternatepathways.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionStemCells)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure515pes,3690KiB OpenAccessArticleNotSoRobustafterAll:EvaluatingtheRobustnessofDeepNeuralNetworkstoUnseenAdversarialAttacksbyRomanGaraev,BaderRasheedandAdilMehmoodKhanAlgorithms2024,17(4),162;doi.org/10.3390/a(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractDeepneuralnetworks(DNNs)hegainedprominenceinvariousapplications,butremainvulnerabletoadversarialattacksthatmanipulatedatatomisleadaDNN.Thispaperaimstochallengetheefficacyandtransferabilityoftwocontemporarydefensemechanismsainstadversarialattacks:(a)robusttraining[...]Readmore.Deepneuralnetworks(DNNs)hegainedprominenceinvariousapplications,butremainvulnerabletoadversarialattacksthatmanipulatedatatomisleadaDNN.Thispaperaimstochallengetheefficacyandtransferabilityoftwocontemporarydefensemechanismsainstadversarialattacks:(a)robusttrainingand(b)adversarialtraining.TheformersuggeststhattrainingaDNNonadatasetconsistingsolelyofrobustfeaturesshouldproduceamodelresistanttoadversarialattacks.Thelattercreatesanadversariallytrainedmodelthatlearnstominimiseanexpectedtraininglossoveradistributionofboundedadversarialperturbations.WerevealasignificantlackinthetransferabilityofthesedefensemechanismsandprovideinsightintothepotentialdangersposedbyL∞-normattackspreviouslyunderestimatedbytheresearchcommunity.Suchconclusionsarebasedonextensiveexperimentsinvolving(1)differentmodelarchitectures,(2)theuseofcanonicalcorrelationanalysis,(3)visualandquantitativeanalysisoftheneuralnetwork’slatentrepresentations,(4)ananalysisofnetworks’decisionboundariesand(5)theuseofequivalenceofL2andL∞perturbationnormtheories.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheTopicModelingandPracticeforTrustworthyandSecureSystems)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure826pes,2527KiB OpenAccessArticleLiquefiedPetroleumGasAccessandConsumptionExpenditure:MeasuringEnergyPovertythroughWellbeingandGenderEqualityinIndiabyDhilanveerTejaSinghBahiandJouniPaolaSustainability2024,16(8),3413;doi.org/10.3390/su(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractDespitefastelectrificationinIndia,manycommunitiesstillsufferfromthedirectandindirecteffectsofenergypoverty.Weinvestigatewhetheraccesstoliquifiedpetroleumgas(LPG)andconsumptionexpenditurecanbeusedasmeasuresofenergypovertyinIndia,withaparticular[...]Readmore.DespitefastelectrificationinIndia,manycommunitiesstillsufferfromthedirectandindirecteffectsofenergypoverty.Weinvestigatewhetheraccesstoliquifiedpetroleumgas(LPG)andconsumptionexpenditurecanbeusedasmeasuresofenergypovertyinIndia,withaparticularfocusongenderequality.Adistrict-level,quantitativeanalysisofhouseholdsurveydatawasperformedfortheenergy-poorstatesofBihar,Jharkhand,MadhyaPradesh,Odisha,UttarPradesh,andWestBengal.Wellbeingandgenderequalityindiceswereconstructedfromcontextuallyrelevantindicators,whilstLPGaccesswasconsideredintermsofphysicalaccess,affordability,andawareness.LevelsofconsumptionexpenditurewereconsideredbasedontheupdatedurbanpovertylineforIndia.WefoundthatLPGaccessandconsumptionexpendituredonotheasignificantrelationshipwithwellbeingorgenderequality.Theresultindicatesthatthetraditionaleconomicapproachofusingconsumptionexpenditurecannotcapturethemultidimensionalityofenergypoverty.Thishassignificantimplicationsasitchallengesthestatusquoofenergypovertymeasurement.Theresearchalsoaddsvaluetoexistingargumentsthatelectricityaccesscannotbeusedasasoleindicatorofenergypoverty,byextendingtheargumenttoaccesstoamoderncookingfuel.LPGaccesswas,however,stronglyassociatedwiththeeducationofwomenonthehealtheffectsofsmoke.Consumptionexpenditureisalsostronglyassociatedwithfemalepropertyownership,whichcallsforfutureresearchonthisnovelrelationship.Fullarticle9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure913pes,246KiB OpenAccessArticleDisturbingFuzzyMulti-AttributeDecision-MakingMethodwithIfWeightInformationIsDisturbingFuzzyNumberbyLiLiandJinYangMathematics2024,12(8),1225;doi.org/10.3390/math(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractFuzzymulti-attributedecision-makingisahotresearchtopicinwhichweightinformationisoneoftheconditionsforformingacompletedecision-makingmodel,anditisalsoanimportantfactoraffectingthedecisionresult.Inmostfuzzymulti-attributedecision-makingproblems,theweightinformation[...]Readmore.Fuzzymulti-attributedecision-makingisahotresearchtopicinwhichweightinformationisoneoftheconditionsforformingacompletedecision-makingmodel,anditisalsoanimportantfactoraffectingthedecisionresult.Inmostfuzzymulti-attributedecision-makingproblems,theweightinformationisoftengivenintheformofrealnumbers.However,inreallife,theweightinformationmaynotbesuitableforspecificnumericalrepresentation,orwecannotaccuratelydeterminetheweightinformation.Therefore,itisveryimportanttousefuzzynumberstorepresentweightinformation.Inthispaper,westudytheproblemofdisturbingfuzzymulti-attributedecision-makinginwhichtheattributeweight,decision-makerweight,andattributeinformationaregivenintheformofdisturbingfuzzynumbers.Firstly,anewdisturbingfuzzyintegrationoperator,namelythedisturbingfuzzyringandmultiplicationgregation(DFRMA)operator,isproposed,anditscharacteristicsofclosure,monotonicity,andboundaryarestudied.Then,thegeneralstepsofthedisturbingfuzzymulti-attributedecisionmethodbasedonthedisturbingfuzzyringandmultiplicationgregation(DFRMA)operatoraregiven,whichincludethesingledecisionstepandgroupdecisionstep.Finally,anexampleisgiventoillustratethepracticabilityandeffectivenessofthemethod.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueRelatedIssuesonFuzzySets,DecisionMakingandMultiobjectiveOptimization)attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,690KiB)19pes,8321KiB OpenAccessArticleEnhancingStabilityandAntioxidantActivityofResveratrol-LoadedEmulsionsbyOvalbumin–DextranConjugatesbyWenZhang,LingliMeng,XinyiLv,LiminWang,PeiZhao,JinrongWang,XinpingZhang,JinyuChenandZijianWuFoods2024,13(8),1246;doi.org/10.3390/foods(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractAreliablestrategyforimprovingthestabilityandshelflifeofprotein-stabilizedsystemsisbycovalentlyattachingtheproteinontoapolysaccharide.Inthisstudy,ovalbumin(OVA)wasmodifiedwithdextran(DEX)ofdifferentmolecularweightsbytheMaillardreaction,andwasused[...]Readmore.Areliablestrategyforimprovingthestabilityandshelflifeofprotein-stabilizedsystemsisbycovalentlyattachingtheproteinontoapolysaccharide.Inthisstudy,ovalbumin(OVA)wasmodifiedwithdextran(DEX)ofdifferentmolecularweightsbytheMaillardreaction,andwasusedtoenhancethestabilityofemulsionsloadedwithresveratrol.Thesurfacehydrophobicity,thermalstability,andFT-IRspectroscopyoftheOVA–DEXconjugateswereevaluated.TheresultsshowedthatthesurfacehydrophobicityofOVAdecreased,whilethethermalstabilityofOVAwassignificantlyimprovedafterDEXcovalentmodification.TheOVA–DEX1k-stabilizedemulsionexhibitedhighencapsulationefficiencyofresveratrol,withthevalueof89.0%.Inaddition,OVA–DEXwasconsiderablymoreeffectiveindropletstabilizationainstdifferentenvironmentalstresses(heat,pH,andionicstrength).After28daysofstoreat25°C,theOVA-stabilizedemulsionshowedfasterdecompositionofresveratrol,whereastheOVA–DEX-conjugate-stabilizedemulsionhadapproximately73%retentionofresveratrol.Moreover,theantioxidantactivityofresveratrol-loadedemulsionsstabilizedbyOVA–DEXwashigherduringstoreunderdifferenttemperatures.TheseresultsprovedthattheOVA–DEXconjugateshadthepotentialtoformstable,food-gradeemulsion-baseddeliverysystemsainstenvironmentalstresses,whichstronglysupportstheirpotentialinthefieldoffoodandbiomedicalapplications.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionFoodEngineeringandTechnology)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,194KiB)13pes,1720KiB OpenAccessArticleSpeechSoundsProduction,NarrativeSkills,andVerbalMemoryofChildrenwith22q11.2MicrodeletionbyMarijanaRakonjac,GoranCuturilo,NatasaKovacevic-Grujicic,IvanaSimeunovic,JovanaKostic,MilenaStevanovicandDanijelaDrakulicChildren2024,11(4),489;doi.org/10.3390/children(registering DOI)-19Apr2024Abstract22q11.2deletionsyndrome(22q11.2DS),themostfrequentmicrodeletionsyndromeinhumans,isrelatedtoahighriskofdevelopingneurodevelopmentaldisorders.About95%ofpatientswith22q11.2DShespeechandlangueimpairments.Globalarticulation,storygeneration,andverbalmemorytestswereappliedto[...]Readmore.22q11.2deletionsyndrome(22q11.2DS),themostfrequentmicrodeletionsyndromeinhumans,isrelatedtoahighriskofdevelopingneurodevelopmentaldisorders.About95%ofpatientswith22q11.2DShespeechandlangueimpairments.Globalarticulation,storygeneration,andverbalmemorytestswereappliedtocomparearticulatorycharacteristicsofspeechsounds,spontaneouslangueabilities,andimmediateverbalmemorybetweenfourgroupsofSerbian-speakingchildren:patientswith22q11.2DS,childrenwithclinicalpresentationof22q11.2DSthatdonothethemicrodeletion,childrenwithnon-syndromiccongenitalheartdefects,andtheirpeerswithtypicalspeech–sounddevelopment.Theobtainedresultsshowedthatchildrenwiththismicrodeletionheimpairedarticulationskillsandexpressivelangueabilities.However,wedidnotobserveweakerreceptivelangueskillsandimmediateverbalmemorycomparedtohealthycontrols.Childrenwith22q11.2DSshouldbeconsideredariskcategoryforthedevelopmentofspeech–soundpathologyandexpressivelangueabilities.Sincespeechintelligibilityisaninstrumentofcognitionandadequatepeersocialization,andlangueimpairmentinschool-edchildrenwith22q11DSmightbeanindicatorofincreasedriskforlaterpsychoticsymptoms,patientswith22q11.2microdeletionshouldbeincludedinaprogramofearlystimulationofspeech–languedevelopmentimmediatelyafterdinosisisestablished.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueNeurodevelopmentalDisordersinPediatrics)9658;9660;ShowFiguresGraphicalabstractFigure1---Figure2---Figure3---Figure415pes,1666KiB OpenAccessArticleMicroRNA-MediatedSuppressionofGlialCellLine-DerivedNeurotrophicFactorExpressionIsModulatedbyaSchizophrenia-AssociatedNon-CodingPolymorphismbyGergelyKeszler,BálintVékony,ZsuzsannaElek,ZsófiaNemoda,NóraAngyal,ZsófiaBánlaki,RékaKovács-Ny,ZsoltRónaiandJánosM.RéthelyiInt.J.Mol.Sci.2024,25(8),4477;doi.org/10.3390/ijms(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractPlasmalevelsofglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor(GDNF),apivotalregulatorofdifferentiationandsurvivalofdopaminergicneurons,arereportedlydecreasedinschizophrenia.ToexploretheinvolvementofGDNFinthepathogenesisofthedisease,acase–controlassociationanalysiswasperformedbetween[...]Readmore.Plasmalevelsofglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor(GDNF),apivotalregulatorofdifferentiationandsurvivalofdopaminergicneurons,arereportedlydecreasedinschizophrenia.ToexploretheinvolvementofGDNFinthepathogenesisofthedisease,acase–controlassociationanalysiswasperformedbetweenfivenon-codingsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNP)acrosstheGDNFgeneandschizophrenia.Ofthem,the‘G’alleleofthersSNPlocatedinthe3′untranslatedregion(3′-UTR)ofthegenewasfoundtoassociatewithschizophrenia.Insilicoanalysisrevealedthatthers‘G’allelemightcreatebindingsitesforthreemicroRNA(miRNA)species.Toexplorethesignificanceofthispolymorphism,transientco-transfectionassayswereperformedinhumanembryonickidney293T(HEK293T)cellswithaluciferasereporterconstructharboringeitherthe‘A’or‘G’alleleofthe3′-UTRofGDNFincombinationwiththehsa-miR-1185-1-3ppre-miRNA.Itwasdemonstratedthatinthepresenceofthers‘G’(butnotthe‘A’)allele,hsa-miR-1185-2-3prepressedluciferaseactivityinadose-dependentmanner.DeletionofthemiRNAbindingsiteoritssubstitutionwiththecomplementarysequenceabrogatedthemodulatoryeffect.Ourresultsimplythatthers‘G’alleleoccurringmorefrequentlyinpatientswithschizophreniamightdownregulateGDNFexpressioninamiRNA-dependentfashion.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueGeneticVariationsinHumanDiseases)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure419pes,5676KiB OpenAccessArticleCompositeADRCSpeedControlMethodBasedonLTDROFeedforwardCompensationbyRenchengJin,JunweiWang,YangyiOuandJianzhangLiSensors2024,24(8),2605;doi.org/10.3390/s(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractTheperformanceoftheextendedstateobserver(ESO)inanActiveDisturbanceRejectionControl(ADRC)islimitedbytheoperationalloadinsteppermotorcontrol,whichhashighreal-timerequirementsandmaycausedelays.Additionally,thecomplexityofparametertuning,especiallyinhigh-order[...]Readmore.Theperformanceoftheextendedstateobserver(ESO)inanActiveDisturbanceRejectionControl(ADRC)islimitedbytheoperationalloadinsteppermotorcontrol,whichhashighreal-timerequirementsandmaycausedelays.Additionally,thecomplexityofparametertuning,especiallyinhigh-ordersystems,furtherlimitstheESO’sperformance.ThispaperproposesacompositeADRC(LTDRO-ADRC)basedonaloadtorquedimensionalityreductionobserver(LTDRO).Firstly,theLTDROisdesignedtoestimateabruptloaddisturbancesthataredifficulttocompensateforusingtheESO.Secondly,thetransferfunctionunderthedouble-closedloopisdeduced.Additionally,theLTDROusesamneticencodertogatherthesystemstateandcalculatetheloadtorque.Itthenoutputsacompensatingcurrentfeedforwardtothecurrentloopinput.ThismethodreducesthedelayandcomplexityoftheESO,improvingtheresponsespeedoftheADRCspeedringandtheoverallresponseofthesystemtoloadchanges.Simulationandexperimentalresultsdemonstratethatitsignificantlyenhancesdynamiccontrolperformanceandsteady-stateerrors.LTDRO-ADRCcanstabilizethespeedainwithin49msand17ms,respectively,inthefaceofsuddenloadincreaseandsuddenloadremoval.Atthesametime,intermsofsteady-stateerror,comparedwithADRCandCADRC,theyheincreasedby94%and88%,respectively.Intermsofzero-speedstartingmotors,theresponsespeedisincreasedby58%comparedtoatraditionalADRC.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionSensorsandRobotics)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure8Cont.---Figure9---Figure10---Figure11---Figure12---Figure13---Figure14---Figure15attachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,394KiB)14pes,2623KiB OpenAccessArticlePatternsofChromosomalInstabilityandClonalHeterogeneityinLuminalBBreastCancer:APilotStudybyValentinaCamargo-Herrera,GiovannyCastellanos,NelsonRangel,GuillermoAntonioJiménez-Tobón,MaríaMartínez-üeroandMilenaRondón-LosInt.J.Mol.Sci.2024,25(8),4478;doi.org/10.3390/ijms(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractChromosomalinstability(CIN),definedbyvariationsinthenumberorstructureofchromosomesfromcelltocell,isrecognizedasadistinctivecharacteristicofcancerassociatedwiththeabilityoftumorstoadapttochallengingenvironments.CINhasbeenrecognizedasasource[...]Readmore.Chromosomalinstability(CIN),definedbyvariationsinthenumberorstructureofchromosomesfromcelltocell,isrecognizedasadistinctivecharacteristicofcancerassociatedwiththeabilityoftumorstoadapttochallengingenvironments.CINhasbeenrecognizedasasourceofgeneticvariationthatleadstoclonalheterogeneity(CH).RecentfindingssuggestapotentialassociationbetweenCINandCHwiththeprognosisofBCpatients,particularlyintumorsexpressingtheepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor2(HER2+).Infact,informationontheroleofCINinotherBCsubtypes,includingluminalBBC,islimited.Additionally,itremainsunknownwhetherCINinluminalBBCtumors,aboveaspecificthreshold,couldheadetrimentaleffectonthegrowthofhumantumorsorwhetherloworintermediateCINlevelscouldbelinkedtoamoreforableBCpatientprognosiswhencontrastedwithelevatedlevels.ClarifyingtheserelationshipscouldheasubstantialimpactonriskstratificationandthedevelopmentoffuturetherapeuticstrategiesaimedattargetingCINinBC.ThisstudyaimedtoassessCINandCHintumortissuesamplesfromtenpatientswithluminalBBCandcomparethemwithestablishedclinicopathologicalparameters.TheresultsofthisstudyrevealthatluminalBBCpatientsexhibitintermediateCINandstableaneuploidy,bothofwhichcorrelatewithlymphovascularinvasion.OurresultsalsoprovidevaluablepreliminarydatathatcouldcontributetotheunderstandingoftheimplicationsofCINandCHinriskstratificationandthedevelopmentoffuturetherapeuticstrategiesinBC.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueNovelTherapeuticTargetsinCancers2.0)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure715pes,881KiB OpenAccessArticleEffectivenessofPartiallyHydrolyzedGuarGumonCognitiveFunctionandSleepEfficiencyinHealthyElderlySubjectsinaRandomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled,andParallel-GroupStudybyAyaAbe,MahendraParkashKapoor,SoMorishima,MakotoOzeki,NorioSato,TsuyoshiTakaraandYujiNaitoNutrients2024,16(8),1211;doi.org/10.3390/nu(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractTheconsumptionoffunctionalfoodsinadailydietisapromisingapproachforthemaintenanceofcognitivehealth.Thepresentstudyexaminestheeffectsofwater-solubleprebioticdietary-fiber,partiallyhydrolyzedguargum(PHGG),oncognitivefunctionandmentalhealthinhealthyelderly[...]Readmore.Theconsumptionoffunctionalfoodsinadailydietisapromisingapproachforthemaintenanceofcognitivehealth.Thepresentstudyexaminestheeffectsofwater-solubleprebioticdietary-fiber,partiallyhydrolyzedguargum(PHGG),oncognitivefunctionandmentalhealthinhealthyelderlyindividuals.Participantsconsumedeither5g/dayofPHGGoraplacebodailyfor12weeksinthisrandomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,andparallel-groupstudy.Anassessmentofcognitivefunctions,sleepquality,andsubjectivemoodevaluationswasperformedatbaselineandafter8and12weeksofeitherPHGGorplacebointake.ThevisualmemoryscoresincognitivefunctiontestsandsleepinessonrisingscoresrelatedtosleepqualityweresignificantlyimprovedinthePHGGgroupcomparedtotheplacebogroup.Nosignificantdifferenceswereobservedinmoodparametersbetweenthegroups.Vigor–activityscoresweresignificantlyimproved,whilethescoresforConfusion–BewildermentdecreasedsignificantlyinthePHGGgroupwhencomparedtothebaseline.Insummary,supplementationwithPHGGwaseffectiveinimprovingcognitivefunctions,particularlyvisualmemory,aswellasenhancingsleepqualityandvitalityinhealthyelderlyindividuals(UMIN0).Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionPrebioticsandProbiotics)9658;9660;ShowFiguresGraphicalabstractattachmentSupplementarymaterial:SupplementaryFile1(ZIP,9734KiB)14pes,2032KiB OpenAccessArticlePresenceofCD44v9-ExpressingCancerStemCellsinCirculatingTumorCellsandEffectsofCarcinoembryonicAntigenLevelsonthePrognosisofColorectalCancerbyKatsujiSawai,TakanoriGoi,YouheiKimuraandKenjiKoneriCancers2024,16(8),1556;doi.org/10.3390/cancers(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractCirculatingtumorcells(CTCs)arecancercellsreleasedfromtheprimarytumorintothebloodstream,andcontaincancerstemcellsthatinfluencetumorsurvival,recurrence,andmetastasis.Here,weinvestigatedCD44v9expressioninCTCsandimpactofpreoperativecarcinoembryonicantigen(CEA)levelson[...]Readmore.Circulatingtumorcells(CTCs)arecancercellsreleasedfromtheprimarytumorintothebloodstream,andcontaincancerstemcellsthatinfluencetumorsurvival,recurrence,andmetastasis.Here,weinvestigatedCD44v9expressioninCTCsandimpactofpreoperativecarcinoembryonicantigen(CEA)levelsoncolorectalcancer(CRC)prognosis.WeanalyzedtheexpressionofCD44v9mRNAinCTCsusingreversetranscription-polymerasechainreactionandpreoperativeCEAlevelsinbloodsamplesobtainedfrom300patientswithCRC.Subsequently,weevaluatedtheassociationofCD44v9expressionandCEAlevelswithclinicopathologicalfactors.CD44v9mRNAwasexpressedin31.3%ofthepatients,andwassignificantlyassociatedwithlivermetastasis.PatientswithpositiveCD44v9expressionhadalower5-yearsurvivalrate(62.3%)thanthosewithnegativeCD44v9expression(82.8%,p<0.001).CoxregressionanalysisidentifiedCD44v9expressionandhighCEAlevels(≥5ng/mL)aspoorprognosticfactors,whilenegativeCD44v9expressionandlowCEAlevels(<5ng/mL)wereassociatedwithforableprognosis(hazardratio=0.285,p=0.006).TheseresultssuggestthatacombinationofCD44v9mRNAexpressioninCTCsandserumCEAlevelscouldserveasavaluableprognosticmarkerforCRC,potentiallyenhancingtheaccuracyofprognosispredictions.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionMolecularCancerBiology)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure712pes,2094KiB OpenAccessArticleDistributionandMechanismofJapaneseBrome(Bromusjaponicus)ResistancetoALS-InhibitingHerbicidesinChinabyLinzhiBai,XiangjuLi,XiaotongGuo,JingchaoChen,HaiyanYuandHailanCuiPlants2024,13(8),1139;doi.org/10.3390/plants(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractBromusjaponicusisacommonmonocotweedthatoccursinmajorwinterwheatfieldsintheHuang–Huai–HairegionofChina.Pyroxsulamisahighlyefficientandsafeacetolactatesynthase(ALS)-inhibitingherbicidethatiswidelyusedtocontrolcommonweedsinwheatfields.However,[...]Readmore.BromusjaponicusisacommonmonocotweedthatoccursinmajorwinterwheatfieldsintheHuang–Huai–HairegionofChina.Pyroxsulamisahighlyefficientandsafeacetolactatesynthase(ALS)-inhibitingherbicidethatiswidelyusedtocontrolcommonweedsinwheatfields.However,B.japonicuspopulationsinChinaheevolvedresistancetopyroxsulambydifferentmutationsintheALSgene.Tounderstandtheresistancedistribution,target-siteresistancemechanisms,andcross-resistancepatterns,208B.japonicuspopulationswerecollectedfromeightprovinces.Intheresistantpopulationscreeningexperiment,59populationsfromsixprovincesshoweddifferentresistancelevelstopyroxsulamcomparedwiththesusceptiblepopulation,ofwhich17B.japonicuspopulationswithmoderateorhighlevelsofresistancetopyroxsulamweremainlyfromtheHebei(4),Shandong(4)andShanxi(9)Provinces.Someresistantpopulationswereselectedtoinvestigatethetargetsite-resistancemechanismtotheALS-inhibitingherbicidepyroxsulam.ThreepairsofprimersweredesignedtoamplifytheALSsequence,whichwasassembledintothecompleteALSsequencewithalengthof1932bp.DNAsequencingofALSrevealedthatfourdifferentALSmutations(Pro-197-Ser,Pro-197-Thr,Pro-197-PheandAsp-376-Glu)werefoundin17moderatelyorhighlyresistantpopulations.Subsequently,fiveresistantpopulations,QM21-41withPro-197-Ser,QM20-8withPro-197-ThrandPro-197-Phe,andQM21-72,QM21-76andQM21-79withAsp-376-GlumutationsinALSgenes,wereselectedtocharacterizetheircross-resistancepatternstoALSinhibitors.TheQM21-41,QM20-8,QM21-72,QM21-76andQM21-79populationsshowedbroad-spectrumcross-resistancetopyroxsulam,mesosulfuron–methylandflucarbazone–sodium.Thisstudyisthefirsttoreportevolvingcross-resistancetoALS-inhibitingherbicidesduetoPro-197-PhemutationsinB.japonicus.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionPlantProtectionandBioticInteractions)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure316pes,5217KiB OpenAccessArticleNumericalSimulationofTemperatureEvolution,SolidPhaseTransformation,andResidualStressDistributionduringMulti-PassWeldingProcessofEH36MarineSteelbyPengyuWen,JiajiWang,ZhenboJiao,KuijunFu,LiliLiandJingGuoMetals2024,14(4),476;doi.org/10.3390/met(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractAninvestigationintotheevolutionoftemperatureandstressfields,aswellasthephasetransformationinmarinesteelEH36duringmulti-passwelding,andtheirsubsequenteffectsonCharpyimpacttoughness,remainsingreatlack.Inthisstudy,submergedarcwelding(SAW)was[...]Readmore.Aninvestigationintotheevolutionoftemperatureandstressfields,aswellasthephasetransformationinmarinesteelEH36duringmulti-passwelding,andtheirsubsequenteffectsonCharpyimpacttoughness,remainsingreatlack.Inthisstudy,submergedarcwelding(SAW)wasemployedtocarryoutmulti-passweldingonEH36steelplates,followedbythelow-temperaturetoughnesstestofweldments.Comsolsoftwareversion6.2andfiniteelementanalysisareutilizedtosimulatetheevolutionofthemicrostructure,temperature,andresidualstressfieldsthroughoutthemulti-passweldingprocess.Asweldingprogressed,theheatabsorptionalongtheverticaldirectionwasenhanced;incontrast,adecreaseisobservedinthehorizontaldirectionawayfromtheheatsource.Thiscomplicatedtemperaturehistoryforsthebainitetransformationinthevicinitytotheheatsource,whereasareasmoreremotefromtheweldzoneexhibitahigherprevalenceofacicularferriteduetothereducedcoolingrate.Theconcentrationofresidualstressispredictedtooccurattheboundaryofthemeltpoolandattheinterfacebetweentheweldandtheheat-affectedzone,withthegreatestdeformationobservednearthefusionlineatthetopsurfaceofthemodel.Furthermore,multi-passweldingmayalleviatetheresidualstress,especiallywhencoupledwiththeformationofacicularferriteuponcooling,leadingtoimprovedlow-temperatureimpacttoughnessinregionsremotefromtheheatsource.Thesefindingsoffervaluableinsightsforthedesignandoptimizationofmulti-passweldinginfutureapplications.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueOffshoreEngineeringSteel:WeldingPerformanceandMicrostructureAnalysis)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure8---Figure9---Figure1016pes,2676KiB OpenAccessArticleAlginateImprovestheChondrogenicCapacityof3DPCLScaffoldsInVitro:AHistologicalApproachbyLaraMilián,MaríaOliver-Ferrándiz,IgnacioPeregrín,MaríaSancho-Tello,JoséJierMartín-de-Llano,CristinaMartínez-Ramos,CarmenCardaandManuelMataCurr.IssuesMol.Biol.2024,46(4),3563-3578;doi.org/10.3390/cimb(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractPolycaprolactone(PCL)scaffoldshedemonstratedaneffectivenessinarticularcartileregenerationduetotheirbiomechanicalproperties.Ontheotherhand,alginatehydrogelsgeneratea3Denvironmentwithgreatchondrogenicpotential.OuraimistogenerateamixedPCL/alginatescaffoldthatcombinesthechondrogenic[...]Readmore.Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffoldshedemonstratedaneffectivenessinarticularcartileregenerationduetotheirbiomechanicalproperties.Ontheotherhand,alginatehydrogelsgeneratea3Denvironmentwithgreatchondrogenicpotential.OuraimistogenerateamixedPCL/alginatescaffoldthatcombinesthechondrogenicpropertiesofthetwobiomaterials.PorousPCLscaffoldsweremanufacturedusingamodifiedsalt-leachingmethodandembeddedinaculturemediumoralginateinthepresenceorabsenceofchondrocytes.Thechondrogeniccapacitywasstudiedinvitro.TypeIIcollenandgrecanweremeasuredbyimmunofluorescence,cellmorphologybyF-actinfluorescencestainingandgeneexpressionofCOL1A1,COL2A1,ACAN,COL10A1,VEGF,RUNX1andSOX6byreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR).Thebiocompatibilityofthescaffoldswasdeterminedinvivousingathymicnudemiceandassessedbyhistopathologicalandmorphometricanalysis.AlginateimprovedthechondrogenicpotentialofPCLinvitrobyincreasingtheexpressionoftypeIIcollenandgrecan,aswellasothermarkersrelatedtochondrogenesis.Allscaffoldsshowedgoodbiocompatibilityintheinvivomodel.ThepresenceofcellsinthescaffoldsinducedanincreaseinvascularizationofthePCL/alginatescaffolds.TheresultspresentedherereinforcethebenefitsofthecombineduseofPCLandalginatefortheregenerationofarticularcartile.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionMolecularMedicine)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure410pes,4507KiB OpenAccessArticleGraphene-Tuned,TightlyCoupledHybridPlasmonicMeta-AtomsbyKaiChen,KeLi,YimingWang,ZihaoZhang,YanpengShi,AiminSongandYifeiZhangNanomaterials2024,14(8),713;doi.org/10.3390/nano(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractTightlycoupledmeta-atoms(TCMAs)aredenselypackedmetamaterialswithunnaturalrefractiveindexes.ActivelymodulatedTCMAswithtunableopticalpropertieshefoundmanyapplicationsinbeamshaping,holography,andenhancedlight–matterinteractions.Typically,TCMAsarestudiedintheclassicBlochtheory.Here,tightlycoupled[...]Readmore.Tightlycoupledmeta-atoms(TCMAs)aredenselypackedmetamaterialswithunnaturalrefractiveindexes.ActivelymodulatedTCMAswithtunableopticalpropertieshefoundmanyapplicationsinbeamshaping,holography,andenhancedlight–matterinteractions.Typically,TCMAsarestudiedintheclassicBlochtheory.Here,tightlycoupledH-shapedmeta-atomsareproposedwithanultra-highpermittivityof~6000,andtheiractivemodulationwithgrapheneisdesignedbyusingthetightlycoupleddipolearray(TCDA)theory.TheH-shapedmeta-atomsareusedasdipolearms,andthegraphenestripsfunctionasthedipoleloads.Bytuningthechemicalpotentialofgraphene,theresonantamplitude,frequency,andpermittivityaredynamicallymodulated.Thesimulationsindicatethattherealandiminarypartsofpermittivitychangefrom6854to1522andfrom7356to2870,respectively.Theexperimentalvalidationdemonstratesamodulationdepthof11.6%intheresonantfrequency,i.e.,from219.4to195GHz,andasubstantial52.5%modulationdepthintransmittanceunderabiasvolteoflessthan1.5V.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSpecialIssueNanomaterialsforTerahertzTechnologyApplications)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5---Figure6---Figure7---Figure814pes,2412KiB OpenAccessArticleCooperativeFermentationUsingMultipleMicroorganismsandEnzymesPotentiallyEnhancestheNutritionalValueofSpentMushroomSubstratebyAnrongZhang,WeizhaoHe,YunshengHan,AijuanZheng,ZhiminChen,KunMeng,PeilongYangandGuohuaLiuriculture2024,14(4),629;doi.org/10.3390/riculture(registering DOI)-19Apr2024AbstractLargeamountsofspentmushroomsubstrate(SMS)areproducedglobally,buttheirutilizationefficiencyislow,whichleadstonegativeenvironmentalimpacts,suchaswater,soil,andairpollution.SMScontainsnutrients,suchascellproteins,withapotentialapplicationinanimalfeed.[...]Readmore.Largeamountsofspentmushroomsubstrate(SMS)areproducedglobally,buttheirutilizationefficiencyislow,whichleadstonegativeenvironmentalimpacts,suchaswater,soil,andairpollution.SMScontainsnutrients,suchascellproteins,withapotentialapplicationinanimalfeed.However,thelignocelluloseinSMSrestrictsanimaldigestionandabsorption,thushinderingitsapplicationinanimalnutrition.Weinvestigatedthepotentialofcellulase,xylanase,β-galactosidase,andavarietyofmicroorganismstooptimizetheconditionsforreducingsugars’(RS)productionandthedegradationrateofneutraldetergentfibers.Theresultsshowedthattheoptimumproportionofmultipleenzymesforglucoseproductionofupto210.89mg/gwere10%cellulase,10%xylanase,and2%β-galactosidase,at50°Cand60%moisturefora20hhydrolysisduration.Toenhancetheoptimalenzymolysiscombination,co-fermentationexperimentswithmultiplemicroorganismsandenzymesshowedthatinoculationwith10%Bacillussubtilis,2%Pediococcusacidilactici,and2%Saccharomycescerevisiae,incombinationwith10%cellulase,10%xylanase,2%β-galactosidase,and1%urea,at36.8°Cand59%moisturefor70hhydrolysis,couldleadtoa23.69%degradationrateoftheneutraldetergentfiber.ThisprocesssignificantlyincreasedthedegradationrateoftheneutraldetergentfiberandthenutrientcontentofPleurotuseryngiicomparedtotheinitialfermentationconditions.Overall,ourstudygeneratedoptimalco-fermentationconditionsforbacteriaandenzymesandprovidesapracticalreferenceforbiologicalfeedsynthesisusingP.eryngiispentmushroomsubstrate.Fullarticle(ThisarticlebelongstotheSectionriculturalTechnology)9658;9660;ShowFiguresFigure1Figure2---Figure3---Figure4---Figure5MoreArticles...OpenAccessJournalsAcousticsActaMicrobiologicaHellenica(AMH)ActuatorsAdministrativeSciencesAdolescentsAdvancesinRespiratoryMedicine(ARM)AerobiologyAerospacericultureriEngineeringrochemicalsronomyAIAirAlgorithmsAllergiesAlloysAnalyticaAnalyticsAnatomiaAnesthesiaResearchAnimalsAntibioticsAntibodiesAntioxidantsAppliedBiosciencesAppliedMechanicsAppliedMicrobiologyAppliedNanoAppliedSciencesAppliedSystemInnovation(ASI)AppliedChemAppliedMathAquacultureJournalArchitectureArthropodaArtsAstronomyAtmosphereAtomsAudiologyResearchAutomationAxiomsBacteriaBatteriesBehioralSciencesBeveresBigDataandCognitiveComputing(BDCC)BioChemBioengineeringBiologicsBiologyBiologyandLifeSciencesForumBiomassBiomechanicsBioMedBiomedicinesBioMedInformaticsBiomimeticsBiomoleculesBiophysicaBiosensorsBioTechBirdsBlockchainsBrainSciencesBuildingsBusinessesCCancersCardiogeneticsCatalystsCellsCeramicsChallengesChemEngineeringChemistryChemistryProceedingsChemosensorsChildrenChipsCivilEngCleanTechnologies(CleanTechnol.)ClimateClinicalandTranslationalNeuroscience(CTN)ClinicsandPracticeClocks&SleepCoastsCoatingsColloidsandInterfacesColorantsCommoditiesComplicationsCompoundsComputationComputerSciences&MathematicsForumComputersCondensedMatterConservationConstructionMaterialsCorrosionandMaterialsDegradation(CMD)CosmeticsCOVIDCropsCryptographyCrystalsCurrentIssuesinMolecularBiology(CIMB)CurrentOncologyDairyDataDentistryJournalDermatoDermatopathologyDesignsDiabetologyDinosticsDieteticsDigitalDisabilitiesDiseasesDiversityDNADronesDrugsandDrugCandidates(DDC)DynamicsEarthEcologiesEconometricsEconomi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